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Vol. 80. Issue 3.
Pages 228-235 (July - September 2015)
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6958
Vol. 80. Issue 3.
Pages 228-235 (July - September 2015)
Brief communication
Open Access
Increase in Mexican and Latin American scientific articles on irritable bowel syndrome
Incremento en las publicaciones científicas sobre síndrome de intestino irritable en México y Latinoamérica
Visits
6958
R. Porrasa, A. López-Colombob, M. Schmulsona,
Corresponding author
maxjulio@prodigy.net.mx

Corresponding author. Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis #148, Col. Doctores C.P. 06726, México D.F. México. Tel.: +52 5556232673; fax: +52 5556232669.
a Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
b Dirección de Educación e Investigación en Salud, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Puebla de Zaragoza, Puebla, Mexico
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Table 1. Mexican and Latin American articles on IBS according to categories.
Abstract
Background

There is an implied perception that little scientific information on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) comes out of Mexico and Latin America in the international medical literature, but the number and tendencies of articles from the region on IBS are not known.

Aims

To determine the number and type of Mexican and Latin American articles on IBS published between 1990-2015.

Methods

A systematic search of Medline was carried out employing the terms «Irritable Bowel Syndrome» or its abbreviation (IBS). Mexico and every other Latin American country were added to specify the search. The articles were selected if they were published in Mexico and/or the rest of Latin America, if they were international papers on IBS in the region, or if they were written by Mexican and/or Latin American authors. In addition, the articles were classified into the following categories: Review Articles/Editorials/Letters to the Editor (REV/ED), studies emphasizing aspects of Epidemiology/Quality of Life/Psychosocial Factors (EPI/QOL), articles dealing with Diagnoses (DX), with Treatment (TX), and Translational/Pathophysiologic studies (TRANS).

Results

A total of 66 articles from Mexico and 47 from Latin America were identified, but only 87.7 and 48.9%, respectively, fit the selection criteria. Category distribution was: EPI/QOL: 36.2%, REV/ED: 27.5%, TRANS: 18.8, TX: 10%, and DX: 7.5% and was similar between Mexico and Latin America (p=0.33). The year 2005 saw an increase in the number of articles in Mexico, with a peak in 2010. The figures for Latin American articles remained stable over the years, with a peak in 2012.

Conclusions

A noticeable increase has been observed over the last decade in the research conducted on IBS in Mexico and Latin America. Even though the EPI/QOL studies predominate, the sophistication of research is reflected in the TRANS studies that are in third place of frequency. The information referred to herein demonstrates maturity in the field, making it possible to carry out consensuses based on local data.

Keywords:
Irritable bowel syndrome
Epidemiology
Mexico
Latin America
Research
Articles
Resumen
Antecedentes

En la literatura internacional se crea la idea de que la información científica sobre el síndrome de intestino irritable (SII) en México y Latinoamérica es escasa. Sin embargo, se desconoce el número y la tendencia de las publicaciones sobre SII en la región.

Objetivo

Determinar el número y tipo de publicaciones sobre SII en México y Latinoamérica entre 1990-2015.

Métodos

Búsqueda sistemática en Medline empleando los términos «síndrome de intestino irritable» o su abreviatura (IBS) en inglés, cruzándolo con México y cada país de Latinoamérica. Los artículos se seleccionaron según hubieran sido publicados en México y/o Latinoamérica; publicaciones internacionales sobre SII en la región o por autores mexicanos y/o latinoamericanos. Además se clasificaron en categorías: Revisión/Editorial/Cartas al Editor (REV/ED), Epidemiología/Calidad de vida/Factores psicosociales (EPI/QOL), Diagnóstico (DX), Tratamiento (TX), Traslacional/Fisiopatología (TRAS).

Resultados

Se identificaron 66 publicaciones de México y 47 de Latinoamérica pero solo un 87.7% y un 48.9% respectivamente se ajustaron a los criterios de selección. La distribución de categorías fue: EPI/QOL, 36.2%; REV/ED, 27.5%; TRAS, 18.8; TX, 10%; DX, 7.5%; similar entre México y Latinoamérica (p=0.33). Las publicaciones se incrementaron a partir del 2005 con un pico en 2010 en México, y se mantuvieron estables a lo largo de los años con un pico en 2012 en Latinoamérica.

Conclusión

En la última década se observa un aumento notorio en la investigación sobre SII en México y Latinoamérica. Si bien predominan los estudios EPI/QOL, la sofisticación se refleja en los TRAS que ocupan el tercer lugar. Lo anterior demuestra una madurez que permite realizar consensos basados en datos locales.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de intestino irritable
Epidemiología
México
Latinoamérica
Investigación
Artículos
Full Text
Introduction

There is an implied perception of low scientific production in the field of functional gastrointestinal disorders, and especially irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), in Latin America. In fact, a systematic review of the medical literature on the overall prevalence of IBS based on open population studies concluded that there is a lack of studies on the prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of this disorder, especially from Central America, and that there are few studies from South America.1 The review only identified 4 South American articles, one of which was not really an open population study.2 This is important, given that IBS has a reported incidence of 9-16%3 and is among the 5 most frequent gastrointestinal disorders.4

Because our perception is that there is an increase in IBS research in the region, our aim was to carry out a search on Medline covering the last 25 years. Our hypothesis was that there has been an upsurge in the number of articles on IBS in Mexico and Latin America.

Methods

A search was carried out on Medline encompassing the time frame of January 1, 1990 to April 1, 2015. Due to our specific interest, Mexico and Latin America were searched separately. The terms “Irritable Bowel Syndrome” or “IBS” were used, matching them with “Mexico” or “Latin America”. Because no result was found with “Latin America”, the search was repeated with the names of each of the Latin American countries. Two of the present authors (RP, MS) individually reviewed the abstracts of each of the identified articles, and when necessary, the complete article, to corroborate that they met the selection criteria. Said criteria were: 1) Articles on IBS published in Mexico and/or Latin America, and/or 2) International articles that referred to IBS in the region, and/or 3) Articles on IBS written by Mexican and/or Latin American authors. The same 2 authors then met to jointly decide which articles fit the selection criteria; they excluded articles that were not really about IBS, articles that were about IBS, but not from Mexico or Latin America, or articles that were not written by authors from the region. In addition, the articles were classified into 5 categories: Reviews/Editorials/Letters to the Editor (REV/ED), Epidemiology/Quality of Life/Psychosocial Factors (EPI/QOL), Diagnostic (DX), Treatment (TX), and Translational/Pathophysiologic (TRANS) studies. In the results, the articles are described by year, the country of the authors, and the corresponding categories. The frequency of the categories was compared between Mexico and Latin America. The mean number of articles was described per year. A graph was plotted with the number of articles per year to determine if there was an increase in the publications within the time frame of interest, separating Mexico from the rest of Latin America. The results were expressed as frequencies and the comparisons were made using the Fisher exact test. Statistical significance was set at a p < 0.05.

Results

A total of 66 publications from Mexico and 47 from the rest of Latin America were identified. Of the former, 57 (87.7%) met the selection criteria, and of the latter, 23 (48.9%). Table 1 shows the articles according to the different categories in the following order of frequency: EPI/QOL, 36.2%; REV/ED, 27.5%; TRANS, 18.8; TX, 10%; and DX, 7.5%. There were no differences in the categories between Mexico and Latin America: EPI/QOL, 42.1% vs 21.3%; REV/ED, 24.5% vs 34.8%; TRANS, 19.3% vs 17.4%; TX, 7.0% vs 17.4%; DX, 7.0% vs 8.7%; p = 0.33.

Table 1.

Mexican and Latin American articles on IBS according to categories.

Article  Country  Category 
Awad RA, Martin J, Guevara M, Ramos R, Noguera JL, Camacho S, Santiago R,Ramirez JL, Toriz A. Defaecography in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy volunteers. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1997;12:91-4.  Mexico  DX 
Schmulson MW, Chang L. Diagnostic approach to the patient with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Med. 1999;107:20S-26S.  Mexico/USA  REV/ED 
Schmulson MJ. Brain-gut interaction in irritable bowel syndrome: new findings of a multicomponent disease model. Isr Med Assoc J. 2001;3:104-10.  Mexico  REV/ED 
Campos Hurtado G, Villareal Menchola J, Cornejo Zapata C, León Barúa R. [Prevalence of Manning's symptoms in a Lima upper socioeconomic level population]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2001;21:301-5.  Peru  EPI/QOL 
Norman P. Tegaserod (Novartis). IDrugs. 2002;5:171-9.  UK  TX 
Huerta I, Bonder A, López L, Ocampo MA, Schmulson M. [Differences in the stress symptoms rating scale in Spanish between patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2002;67:161-5.  UK  EPI/QOL 
Curioso WH, Donaires Mendoza N, Bacilio Zerpa C, Ganoza Gallardo C, León Barúa R. [Prevalence and relation of dyspepsia to irritable bowel syndrome in a native community of the Peruvian jungle]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2002;22:129-40.  Peru  EPI/QOL 
Zetina-López A, Custodio-Vázquez A, Hinojosa C, Juárez-Paiz L, Schmulson M. [Impact of gastrointestinal symptoms on health related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. Rev Invest Clin. 2003;55:594-9.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Quera R, Valenzuela J. [Visceral hypersensitivity: a concept within our reach]. Rev Med Chil. 2003;131:85-92.  Chile  REV/ED 
Gómez-Escudero O, Schmulson-Wasserman MJ, Valdovinos-Díaz MA.[Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. A review based on current evidence]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2003;68:55-61.  Mexico  REV/ED 
Okhuysen PC, Jiang ZD, Carlin L, Forbes C, DuPont HL. Post-diarrhea chronic intestinal symptoms and irritable bowel syndrome in North American travelers to Mexico. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:1774-8.  USA  EPI/QOL 
Sánchez RC, Navarro Cano G. [Diagnostic value of limited research in patients with irritable bowel syndrome]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2004;69:24-9.  Mexico  DX 
Montes R, Monge E. Lactose malabsorption and IBS. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2004;39:1033;  Peru  REV/ED 
Carmona-Sánchez R, Tostado-Fernández FA. [Prevalence of use of alternative and complementary medicine in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2005;70:393-8.  Mexico  TX 
Cornejo Zapata C, Villarreal Menchola J. [Relation between irritable bowel syndrome symptoms and depressive symptoms in hospitalized patients]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2005;25:156-60.  Peru  EPI/QOL 
Otero Regino W, Gómez Zuleta M. [Irritable bowel syndrome: a concise diagnostic and pharmacological therapy review]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2005;25:189-97.  Colombia  REV/ED 
Peláez-Luna M, Schmulson M, Robles-Díaz G. Intestinal involvement is not sufficient to explain hypertransaminasemia in celiac disease? Med Hypotheses. 2005;65:937-41.  Mexico  DX 
Mangel AW. Postinfectious IBS. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:729.  USA  EPI/QOL 
Ariza JG, Martínez JA. [Pharmacoeconomics and outcome research on Irritable Bowel Syndrome review of findings using Tegaserod]. Rev gastroenterol Peru. 2006;26:77-9.  Peru  TX 
Leyva-Jiménez R, Olvera-Torres P, Alvarez-Córdova MM, Alcántar-Saldívar EL. [Irritable bowel syndrome in adults attending to medical offices at UMF]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2006;44:473-9.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Schmulson MJ, Ortiz-Garrido OM, Hinojosa C, Arcila D. A single session of reassurance can acutely improve the self-perception of impairment in patients with IBS. J Psychosom Res. 2006;61:461-7.  Mexico  REV/ED 
Schmulson M, Ortíz O, Santiago-Lomeli M, Gutiérrez-Reyes G, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Robles-Díaz G, Morgan D. Frequency of functional bowel disorders among healthy volunteers in Mexico City. Dig Dis. 2006;2:342-7.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Defilippi G C, Quera P R, Madrid S AM, Defilippi C C, Valenzuela E J. [Rectal barostat in irritable bowel syndrome]. Rev Med Chil. 2006;134:1524-9.  Chile  DX 
Awad RA, Camacho S, Martín J, Ríos N. Rectal sensation, pelvic floor function and symptom severity in Hispanic population with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Colorectal Dis. 2006;8:488-93.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Remes-Troche JM, Adames K, Castillo-Rodal AI, Ramírez T, Barreto-Zuñiga R, López-Vidal Y, Uscanga LF. Intraepithelial gammadelta+ lymphocytes: a comparative study between celiac disease, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;41:671-6.  Mexico  TRANS 
Soifer LO, Iantorno G, Bustos Fernández LM, Soifer G, Dima G, Peralta D, Besasso H. [Breath hydrogen levels do not predict fiber intolerance in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation]. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam. 2007;37:15-9  Argentina  TX 
Madrid AM, Defilippi C C, Defilippi G C, Slimming A J, Quera P R. [Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with functional gastrointestinal diseases]. Rev Med Chil. 2007;135:1245-52.  Chile  TRANS 
Schmulson M, Ortiz O, Mejia-Arangure JM, Hu YB, Morris C, Arcila D, Gutierrez-Reyes G, Bangdiwala S, Drossman DA. Further validation of the IBS-QOL: female Mexican IBS patients have poorer quality of life than females from North Carolina. Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52:2950-5.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Schmulson MJ. [Limited diagnostic testing can decrease the direct economic impact of irritable bowel syndrome]. Rev Med Chil. 2008;136:1398-405.  Mexico  DX 
de Medeiros MT, Carvalho AF, de Oliveira Lima JW, Dos Santos AA, de Oliveira RB, Nobre E Souza MA. Impact of depressive symptoms on visceral sensitivity among patients with different subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2008;196:711-4.  Brazil  TRANS 
Reséndiz-Figueroa FE, Ortiz-Garrido OM, Pulido D, Arcila-Martínez D, Schmulson M. [Impact of the anxiety characteristics and depression on clinical aspects and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2008;73:3-10.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Remes-Troche JM, Carmona-Sánchez R, González-Gutiérrez M, Martínez-Salgado JC, Gómez-Escudero O, Ramírez A, Vázquez-Jiménez G, García-Leiva J, Abarca-Castrejon M, Roesch-Dietlen F. [What people mean by constipation? A general population based-study.]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2009;74:321-8.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Carmona-Sánchez R, Remes-Troche JM, Gómez-Escudero O, Icaza-Chávez ME, García-Leiva J. [Self-perception, colonic transit and characteristics of subjects seeking medical care for constipation in Mexico.]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2009;74:187-94.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Gómez Alvarez DF, Morales Vargas JG, Rojas Medina LM, Mújica Oviedo SC, Camacho López PA, Rueda Jaimes GE. [Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and associated factors according to the Rome III diagnostic criteria in a general population in Colombia]. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;32:395-400.  Colombia  REV/ED 
Schmulson M, Vargas JA, López-Colombo A, Remes-Troche JM, López-Alvarenga JC. [Prevalence and clinical characteristics of the IBS subtypes according to the Rome III criteria in patients from a clinical, multicentric trial. A report from the Mexican IBS Working Group]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2010;75:427-38.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Schmulson M, Adeyemo M, Gutiérrez-Reyes G, Charúa-Guindic L, Farfán-Labonne B, Ostrosky-Solis F, Díaz-Anzaldúa A, Medina L, Chang L. Differences in gastrointestinal symptoms according to gender in Rome II positive IBS and dyspepsia in a Latin American population. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:925-32.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Awad RA, Camacho S. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of polyethylene glycol effects on fasting and postprandial rectal sensitivity and symptoms in hypersensitive constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Colorectal Dis. 2010;12:1131-8.  Mexico  TX 
Valerio-Ureña J, Vásquez-Fernández F, Jiménez-Pineda A, Cortázar-Benítez LF, Azamar-Jácome AA, Duarte- Velázquez ME, Torres-Medina V. [Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in Veracruz City, Mexico: a community-based survey]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2010;75:36-41.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Schmulson M, Pulido D, Escobar C, Farfán-Labone B, Gutiérrez-Reyes G, López-Alvarenga JC. Heartburn and other related symptoms are independent of body mass index in irritable bowel syndrome. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2010;102:229-33.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Camacho S, Bernal F, Abdo M, Awad RA. Endoscopic and symptoms analysis in Mexican patients with irritable Bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2010;82:953-62.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Reyes-Huerta JU, de la Cruz-Patiño E, Ramírez-Gutiérrez de Velasco A, Zamudio C, Remes-Troche JM. [Fructose intolerance in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a case-control study]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2010;75:405.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Rojas-Macías V, Rodríguez-Fandiño O, Jiménez-Ponce F, Saldivar-González JA, Melendro-Lozano E, López- lvarenga JC, Raya-Santoyo SB, Santana-Vargas AD, Schmulson M. [External validity of a relevant model for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) using chronic stress by water avoidance in Wistar rats]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2010;75:421-6.  Mexico  TRANS 
Rodríguez-Fandiño O, Hernández-Ruiz J, Schmulson M. From cytokines to toll-like receptors and beyond - current knowledge and future research needs in irritable bowel syndrome. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2010;16:363-73.  Mexico  TRANS 
Ramirez-Miranda ME, Hernandez-Castellanos R, Lopez-Escamilla E, Moncada D, Rodriguez-Magallan A, Pagaza-Melero C, Gonzalez-Angulo A, Flisser A, Kawa-Karasik S, Maravilla P. Parasites in Mexican patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a case-control study. Parasit Vectors. 2010;3:96.  Mexico  REV/ED 
León-Barúa R. [Comments on irritable bowel syndrome]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2010;30:52-4.  Peru  REV/ED 
Becker-Dreps S, Morgan D, Peña R, Cortes L, Martin CF, Valladares E. Association between intimate partner violence and irritable bowel syndrome: a population-based study in Nicaragua. Violence Against Women. 2010;16:832-45.  USA  EPI/QOL 
Ramírez-Miranda ME, Jiménez-González DE, Rodríguez-Campa ME, González-Angulo A, Hernández-Castellanos R, Sara Arroyo-Escalante A, Romero-Valdovinos M, Martínez-Hernández F, Flisser A, Maravilla P. [Irritable bowel syndrome: frequency and phylogenetic relationship of Blastocystis sp. from Mexican patients]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2011;76:309-15.  Mexico  TRANS 
Schmulson M, Chang L. Review article: the treatment of functional abdominal bloating and distension. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33:1071-86  Mexico/USA  REV/ED 
Fosado-Gayosso M, Casillas-Guzmán GB, Serralde-Zúñiga AE, Pérez-Hernández JL, Higuera-de la Tijera MF, Pérez-Torres E, Abdo-Francis JM. [Association between anxiety and quality of life in different subgroups irritable bowel syndrome]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2011;76.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Arévalo F, Aragon V, Montes P, Guzmán E, Monge E. [Increase of intraepithelial lymphocytes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2011;31:315-8.  Peru  TRANS 
Jimenez-Gonzalez DE, Martinez-Flores WA, Reyes-Gordillo J, Ramirez-Miranda ME, Arroyo-Escalante S, Romero-Valdovinos M, Stark D, Souza-Saldivar V, Martinez-Hernandez F, Flisser A, Olivo-Diaz A, Maravilla P. Blastocystis infection is associated with irritable bowel syndrome in a Mexican patient population. Parasitol Res. 2012;110:1269-75.  Mexico  TRANS 
Schmulson M. [Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the 2012 DDW]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2012;77.  Mexico  REV/ED 
Schmulson M, Pulido-London D, Rodriguez O, Morales-Rochlin N, Martinez-García R, Gutierrez-Ruiz MC, López-Alvarenga JC, Robles-Díaz G, Gutiérrez-Reyes G. Lower serum IL-10 is an independent predictor of IBS among volunteers in Mexico. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:747-53.  Mexico  TRANS 
Schmulson M, Chey WD. Abnormal immune regulation and low-grade inflammation in IBS: does one size fit all? Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:273-5.  Mexico  REV/ED 
Chacaltana Mendoza A, Díaz Ríos R, Alva Alva E, Vásquez Valverde N, Celestino Morales C. [Perception of pain during sigmoidoscopy flexible as an additional diagnostic method for irritable bowel syndrome]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2012;32:178-83.  Peru  DX 
Olivo-Diaz A, Romero-Valdovinos M, Gudiño-Ramirez A, Reyes-Gordillo J, Jimenez-Gonzalez DE, Ramirez-Miranda ME, Martinez-Flores WA, Martinez-Hernandez F, Flisser A, Maravilla P. Findings related to IL-8 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms in a Mexican patient population with irritable bowel syndrome infected with Blastocystis. Parasitol Res. 2012;111:487-91.  Mexico  TRANS 
Romero-Valdovinos M, Gudiño-Ramírez A, Reyes-Gordillo J, Martínez-Flores WA, Ramírez-Miranda ME, Maravilla P, Olivo-Díaz A. Interleukin-8 and -10 genepolymorphisms in irritable bowel syndrome. Mol Biol Rep. 2012;39:8837-43.  Mexico  TRANS 
Martínez-Vázquez MA, Vázquez-Elizondo G, González-González JA, Gutiérrez-Udave R, Maldonado-Garza HJ, Bosques-Padilla FJ. Effect of antispasmodic agents, alone or in combination, in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2012;77:82-90.  Mexico  REV/ED 
Dima G, Peralta D, Novillo A, Lasa J, Besasso H, Soifer L. [Predominance of constipation in subjects with hydrogen-consuming intestinal flora]. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam. 2012;42:182-5.  Argentina  TRANS 
Lasa J, Peralta D, Dima G, Novillo A, Besasso H, Soifer L. Comparison of abdominal bloating severity between Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients with high and low levels of breath hydrogen excretion in a lactulose breath test. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2012;77:53-7.  Argentina  REV/ED 
Bravo JA, Julio-Pieper M, Forsythe P, Kunze W, Dinan TG, Bienenstock J, Cryan JF. Communication between gastrointestinal bacteria and the nervous system. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2012;12:667-72.  Chile/Great Britain  REV/ED 
Diaz Ferrer J, Parra V, Bendaño T, Montes P, Solorzano P. [Probiotic supplement (Lactobacillus acidophilus and bulgaricus) utility in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2012;32:387-93.  Peru  TX 
Gonzales Gamarra RG, Ruiz Sánchez JG, León Jiménez F, Cubas Benavides F, Díaz Vélez C. [Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in the adult population of the city of Chiclayo in 2011]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2012 Oct-Dec;32(4):381-6.  Peru  EPI/QOL 
López-Colombo A, Morgan D, Bravo-González D, Montiel-Jarquín A, Méndez-Martínez S, Schmulson M. The epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Mexico: a population-based study. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012;2012:606174.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
López-Alvarenga JC, Sobrino-Cossío S, Remes-Troche JM, Chiu-Ugalde J, Vargas-Romero JA, Schmulson M. Polar vectors as a method for evaluating the effectiveness of irritable bowel syndrome treatments: an analysis with pinaverium bromide 100mg plus simethicone 300mg po bid. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2013;78:21-7.  Mexico  TX 
Schmulson M, Pulido-London D, Rodríguez Ó, Morales-Rochlin N, Martínez-García R, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, López-Alvarenga JC, Gutiérrez-Reyes G. IL-10 and TNF-alpha polymorphisms in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome in Mexico. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2013;105:392-9.  Mexico  TRANS 
Schmulson M. [Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in the 2013 DDW]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2013;78 Suppl 1:34-6.  Mexico  REV/ED 
Rodríguez-Fandiño O, Hernández-Ruíz J, López-Vidal Y, Charúa L, Bandeh-Moghaddam H, Minzoni A, Guzmán C, Schmulson M. Intestinal recruiting and activation profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response topathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulation in patients with IBS. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013;25:872-e699.  Mexico  TRANS 
García Carrasco M, Mendoza Pinto C, López Colombo A, Méndez Martínez S, Andari Sawaya R, Muñoz Guarneros M, Vázquez De Lara L, Lescas Hernández M, Montiel Jarquín A, Ramos Álvarez G, Schmulson M. Irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms in female patients with mild systemic lupus erythematosus: frequency, related factors and quality of life. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013;25:958-66.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Bafutto M, Almeida JR, Leite NV, Costa MB, Oliveira EC, Resende-Filho J. Treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome with mesalazine and/or Saccharomyces boulardii. Arq Gastroenterol. 2013;50:304-9.  Brazil  TX 
Madrid-Silva AM, Defilippi-Caffri C, Landskron-Ramos G, Olguín-Herrera F,Reyes-Ponce A, Castro-Lara A, Larraín-Corp S, Martínez-Roje N, Cortés-Espinoza J.[The prevalence of irritable bowel symptoms in a population of shopping mall visitors in Santiago de Chile]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2013;78:203-10.  Chile  REV/ED 
Schmulson M, Bielsa MV, Carmona-Sánchez R, Hernández A, López-Colombo A, López Vidal Y, Peláez-Luna M, Remes-Troche JM, Tamayo JL, Valdovinos MA. Microbiota, gastrointestinal infections, low-grade inflammation, and antibiotic therapy in irritable bowel syndrome: an evidence-based review. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2014;79:96-134.  Mexico  REV/ED 
Nair P, Okhuysen PC, Jiang ZD, Carlin LG, Belkind-Gerson J, Flores J, Paredes M, DuPont HL. Persistent abdominal symptoms in US adults after short-term stay in Mexico. J Travel Med. 2014;21:153-8.  USA/Mexico  REV/ED 
Coss-Adame E, Rao SS. Brain and gut interactions in irritable bowel syndrome: new paradigms and new understandings. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2014;16:379.  Mexico/USA  REV/ED 
Schmulson M, Corazziari E, Ghoshal UC, Myung SJ, Gerson CD, Quigley EM, Gwee KA, Sperber AD. A four-country comparison of healthcare systems, implementation of diagnostic criteria, and treatment availability for functional gastrointestinal disorders: a report of the Rome Foundation Working Team on cross-cultural, multinational research. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014;26:1368-85.  Multinational  REV/ED 
Hou X, Chen S, Zhang Y, Sha W, Yu X, Elsawah H, Afifi AF, El-Khayat HR, Nouh A, Hassan MF, Fatah AA, Rucker Joerg I, Sánchez Núñez JM, Osthoff Rueda R, Jurkowska G, Walczak M, Malecka-Panas E, Linke K, Hartleb M, Janssen-van Solingen G. Quality of life in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), assessed using the IBS-Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) measure after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment with mebeverine hydrochloride or pinaverium bromide: results of an international prospective observational cohort study in Poland, Egypt, Mexico and China. Clin Drug Investig. 2014;34:783-93.  Multinational  EPI/QOL 
Ramírez-Cervantes K, Remes-Troche J, Del Pilar Milke-García M, Romero V, Uscanga LF. Characteristics and factors related to quality of life in Mexican Mestizo patients with celiac disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2015:22;15:4.  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Vázquez-Frias R, Gutiérrez-Reyes G, Urbán-Reyes M, Velázquez-Guadarrama N, Fortoul-van der Goes TI, Reyes-López A, Consuelo-Sánchez A. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2015.  Mexico  TRANS 
Remes-Troche JM, Torres-Aguilera M, Montes-Martínez V, Jiménez-García VA, Roesch-Dietlen F. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in caregivers of patients with chronic diseases. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015; [Epub ahead of print]  Mexico  EPI/QOL 
Gerson CD, Gerson MJ, Chang L, Corazziari ES, Dumitrascu D, Ghoshal UC, Porcelli P, Schmulson M, Wang WA, Zali M. A cross-cultural investigation of attachment style, catastrophizing, negative pain beliefs, and symptom severity in irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015;27:490-500.  USA  EPI/QOL 

In Mexico approximately 3 articles/year were published on IBS, starting from 1997, whereas in the rest of Latin America 1.5/year were published starting from 2001. Furthermore, in 2005, there was an increase of 84.2% in the number of articles published in Mexico, reaching a peak in 2010 (fig. 1). In the rest of Latin America, even though the majority of articles (82.6%) were published starting from 2005, this remained stable through the years, with a peak in 2011. No references were found for 2014 (fig. 1).

Figure 1.

Number of articles per year in Mexico and the rest of Latin America.

(0.11MB).
Discussion

In the present review using the Medline database, we identified an increase in publications on IBS in Mexico and the rest of Latin America, mainly from 2005-2010. Nevertheless, it should be noted that over twice as many articles were published in Mexico, compared with the other countries of the region. The most frequent articles were those related to epidemiologic aspects, quality of life, and psychosocial aspects.

Even though we identified an important number of articles on Medline, it should be mentioned that there is a publication bias in that database. For example, there are articles published in local journals with well conducted epidemiologic studies that are not cited. Such is the case of a Uruguayan study,5 as well as a Venezuelan study,6 on IBS prevalence. We also observed in the search that letters to the editor7 and even recent editorials8 on IBS published in journals that are referenced in Medline were not identified. Therefore in order to carry out an adequate review on IBS in Mexico and Latin America it is necessary to analyze other databases, such as BIREME/Lilacs or SciELO.

With respect to the categories of the articles, it was not surprising to find that the majority corresponded to epidemiologic studies and articles on quality of life and psychosocial factors, perhaps because they are the simplest to conduct and generally only require the application of questionnaires. On the other hand, grouping these 3 aspects into a single category can explain its greater number of articles. To our surprise, the translational and pathophysiologic articles that require specialized laboratory techniques and researchers, and that would have been thought to be less frequent, were third place in frequency. This indicates the ever-increasing sophistication of research in this field in Mexico and Latin America. It should also be mentioned that some of the review articles are collaborations between authors from Latin America and other parts of the world.9,10 This suggests the growing importance and leadership at the international level of certain Latin American researchers in the field of IBS.

Finally, the higher scientific production in regard to IBS in Mexico than in the other Latin American countries should also be noted. This is most likely due to the fact that there are greater funding for research in Mexico, and especially the fact that those physicians and basic scientists in academia are gaining more recognition and better-paying jobs. Such resources appear to be scarcer in the other Latin American countries, and the effort that persons in those countries must make to carry out research and publish deserves to be recognized.

In conclusion, there has been an important increase in articles on IBS in Mexico and Latin America over the past years, reflecting the ever-growing maturity in the region in this field, making it possible for us to have consensuses based on our own information. Additionally, in order to carry out adequate and unbiased systematic reviews, searches should also include local repositories.

Financial disclosure

No financial support was received in relation to this study.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

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Please cite this article as: Porras R, López-Colombo A, Schmulson M. Incremento en las publicaciones científicas sobre síndrome de intestino irritable en México y Latinoamérica. Revista de Gastroenterología de México. 2015;80:228–235.

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